From Wikipedia-
...The origin of the term "heavy metal" in a musical context is uncertain. The phrase has been used for centuries in chemistry and metallurgy, where the periodic table organizes elements of both
light and
heavy metals (e.g. uranium). An early use of the term in modern popular culture was by
countercultural writer
William S. Burroughs. His 1962 novel
The Soft Machine includes a character known as "Uranian Willy, the Heavy Metal Kid." Burroughs's next novel,
Nova Express (1964), develops the theme, using
heavy metal as a metaphor for addictive drugs: "With their diseases and orgasm drugs and their sexless parasite life forms—Heavy Metal People of Uranus wrapped in cool blue mist of vaporized bank notes—And The Insect People of Minraud with metal music."
[55]
Metal historian
Ian Christe describes what the components of the term mean in "hippiespeak": "heavy" is roughly synonymous with "potent" or "profound," and "metal" designates a certain type of mood, grinding and weighted as with metal.
[56] The word "heavy" in this sense was a basic element of
beatnik and later countercultural
slang, and references to "heavy music"—typically slower, more amplified variations of standard pop fare—were already common by the mid-1960s. British psychedelic art experimenters
Hapshash and the Coloured Coat released a record in 1967 titled
Featuring the Human Host and the Heavy Metal Kids.
Iron Butterfly's debut album, released in early 1968, was titled
Heavy. The first recorded use of "heavy metal" is a reference to a motorcycle in the
Steppenwolf song "
Born to Be Wild", also released that year:
[57] "I like smoke and lightning/Heavy metal thunder/Racin' with the wind/And the feelin' that I'm under." A late, and disputed, claim about the source of the term was made by
"Chas" Chandler, former manager of the
Jimi Hendrix Experience. In a 1995 interview on the
PBS program
Rock and Roll, he asserted that heavy metal "was a term originated in a
New York Times article reviewing a
Jimi Hendrix performance," in which the author likened the event to "listening to heavy metal falling from the sky." A source for Chandler's claim has never been found.
The first documented use of the phrase to describe a type of rock music identified to date appears in a review by
Barry Gifford. In the May 11, 1968, issue of
Rolling Stone, he wrote about the album
A Long Time Comin' by U.S. band
Electric Flag: "Nobody who's been listening to
Mike Bloomfield—either talking or playing—in the last few years could have expected this. This is the new soul music, the synthesis of white blues and heavy metal rock."
[58] In January 1970
Lucian K. Truscott IV reviewing
Led Zeppelin II for the
Village Voice described the sound as "heavy" and made comparisons with
Blue Cheer and
Vanilla Fudge.
[59] Other early documented uses of the phrase are from reviews by critic
Mike Saunders. In the November 12, 1970, issue of
Rolling Stone, he commented on an album put out the previous year by the British band
Humble Pie: "
Safe as Yesterday Is, their first American release, proved that Humble Pie could be boring in lots of different ways. Here they were a noisy, unmelodic, heavy metal-leaden ****-rock band with the loud and noisy parts beyond doubt. There were a couple of nice songs...and one monumental pile of refuse." He described the band's latest,
self-titled release as "more of the same 27th-rate heavy metal crap."
[60] In a review of
Sir Lord Baltimore's
Kingdom Come in the May 1971
Creem, Saunders wrote, "Sir Lord Baltimore seems to have down pat most all the best heavy metal tricks in the book."
[61] Creem critic
Lester Bangs is credited with popularizing the term via his early 1970s essays on bands such as Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath.
[62] Through the decade,
heavy metal was used by certain critics as a virtually automatic putdown. In 1979, lead
New York Times popular music critic
John Rockwell described what he called "heavy-metal rock" as "brutally aggressive music played mostly for minds clouded by drugs,"
[63] and, in a different article, as "a crude exaggeration of rock basics that appeals to white teenagers."
[64]
Coined by
Black Sabbath drummer,
Bill Ward, "downer rock" was one of the earliest terms used to describe this style of music and was applied to acts such as Sabbath and
Bloodrock.
Classic Rock magazine described the downer rock culture revolving around the use of
Quaaludes and the drinking of wine.
[65] Later the term would be replaced by "heavy metal."
[66]
The terms "heavy metal" and "
hard rock" have often been used interchangeably, particularly in discussing bands of the 1970s, a period when the terms were largely synonymous.
[67] For example, the 1983
Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll includes this passage: "known for its aggressive blues-based hard-rock style,
Aerosmith was the top American heavy-metal band of the mid-Seventies..."
