1" clearance between inner rim and furthest extent of the caliper when using a 16" wheel. Twice the recommended distance that the brake manufacture states. Still allows for flex and circulation. Keep in mind, during development of the spec they experimented with five lug, 16" wheels and did not have an issue with them.
But.... since the 16" wheel/tire combo would have still required a "new" tire NASCAR took the stance that if we are going to change, might as well go big change.
Why the 18" BBS wheel? A person I know (fellow engineer) that worked on the development, said there was a lot of lobbying going on.
For some reason, the sporty car crowd has infiltrated the roundy round car crowd and either pushed the old guard out or caught their ear, pushing the tech guys to the left (my own opinion as to what construes "left"). It was not only the IMSA contingent as there was a push from overseas too, why they would have a say is beyond me.
Blaming the crew is myopic and not the root cause. The root cause is wheel attachment. Whether there are six drive pins, twelve drive pins, or whatever, it would be pretty simple for the hub manufacture to drill five holes instead and press in studs.
How many Xfinity or Truck vehicles lose their wheels? Do not have the stat but would guess that the Cup cars have wheel issues ten times more than either Xfinity or Truck. Besides, both of those series can drive their vehicles back to the pits much easier.